如何选择空气过滤器（2）
2确定上海过滤器终阻力
随着过滤器的积灰，阻力增加。当阻力增大到某一值时，过滤器报废，需要更换。
新过滤器的阻力称为“初阻力”，过滤器报废时的阻力称为“终阻力”。
如何确定过滤器终阻力，需考虑其主要几点影响因素：
① 过滤器的机械强度；
② 过滤器的综合费用；
③ 过滤器运行阻力能耗。
2.1过滤器的机械强度
面积大的过滤器，框架和固定装置所占的比例小。当阻力过大时，可能造成过滤器的松散或破损，从这方面确定终阻力，其值一般都偏大，因此一般不作考虑。
2.2过滤器的综合费用（更换费用+运行费用）
由此可以看出，从过滤器运行能耗及更换费用综合考虑，综合费用为最低时，其经济性终阻力建议为230Pa。
2.3过滤器运行阻力能耗
使用效率高的过滤器维持风机运行效率可以节省运行费用
E=q×P×t/η×1000
（2）式中：E-能耗 Kwh度/年；
q-风量 m3/s；
p-风机全压 Pa；
t-运时间 小时/年；
η-风机运行效率（含电机效率）。
举例：P=800Pa
q=1m3/s(3600m3/h)
t=8760 小时/年（24hours/day）
采用F7效率的过滤器，风机运行效率维持0.7，即η=0.7 E=1×800×8760/0.7×1000=10011kWh/年
采用F5效率的过滤器，风机运行效率维持0.65，即η=0.65 E=1×800×8760/0.65×1000=10781kWh/年
使用效率高的过滤器可以维持风机高效率运行，节省的能耗：
E=10781-10011=770kWh/年
另外，F7过滤器阻力比F5过滤器高40Pa,因此多耗能：
E=1×40×8760/0.7×1000=500kWh/年＜770kWh/年
由此我们可以看出：选用效率足够高的过滤器，对于节省能耗也是很经济的。
3 各级过滤器的过滤效率
低效率的过滤器（G4以下）常采用直径＞20µm的粗纤维滤料，纤维间隙约为200~400µm；过滤风速大约为0.5~2m/s；阻力过大时，过滤器上的积灰会再被气流带走，此时虽阻力不再升高，介过滤效率急剧下降，因此对此类过滤器，要在其效率下降之前考虑更换。
终阻力建议值：根据前面几个因素，针对国内用户情况：
过滤器效率规格 建议终阻力(Pa)
G3（粗效） 100~150Pa
G4 150~200Pa
F5~F6（中效） 150~250Pa
F7~F8（高中效） 150~250Pa
F9-H11（亚高效） 350~450Pa
高效与超高效 400~600Pa
4结束语
4.1对滤器通常是引起通风系统风量变化的最主要部件；
4.2对空调设计人员来说，应根据已确定的过滤器初终阻力和用户允许的风量变化范围来选配风机及设计空调器，并提供用户过滤器更换时的终阻力值；
4.3对于已有的通风空调系统，如没有空调供应商提供的阻力值和设备详细资料，应根据自己的系统风量允许范围和其它情况来确定终阻力。
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